Hepatitis
Hep A: transmitted via fecal-oral, person-person, contaminated food or water Usually self-limiting at which time life-long immunity is conferred Cytolytic T-cell mediated response Kids can be asymptomatic Hep B: transmitted via blood, saliva, urine, vag fluids, semen, perinatal transmission Leading cause of chronic hepatitis (10% of adults w/ acute hepatitis will develop chronic disease), cirrhosis … Continue reading
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea Caused by Neisseria gonorrhea 350,000 new cases/year (rates were high in the mid 70s & have been decreasing ever since–> 2010 goal is 19 cases per 100,000 ppl) Rates are highest among 20-24 year olds Symptoms: vaginal/penile discharge (may be thick, milky white, yellowish, greenish), frequent urination, burning feeling during urination, pelvic tenderness, abdominal … Continue reading
Chlamydia
Chlamydia (nongonococcal urethritis) Most common STD (often occurs in pts w/ gonorrhea) & incidence is on the rise Causes: Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum Manifestations: pneumonia (in infants), swollen/tender testicles (epididymitis) In Women: Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during sex If not treated in women, Chlamydia can result in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) … Continue reading
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (aka PID aka salpingitis)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID aka salpingitis) Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes & adjacent structures Incidence is 1 million cases/year Causes: neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis (main), anaerobic bacteria Risk factors: young age, multiple sex partners, intrauterine contraceptive devices (diaphragm), past history of gonorrhea or chlamydia Symptoms: nonradiating lower abdominal pain, fever/chills, cervical motion tenderness, N/V, … Continue reading
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis Caused by Trichomonas Vaginalis (flagellated protozoan that can exist for a brief period in a warm moist environment–wet sponge 90min, urine 3 hours, wet cloth for up to 24 hours) 2nd most common STD, ~3 million cases/year Commonly occurs in pts w/ gonorrhea Symptoms: Women: bad smelling, watery, greenish-yellow foamy vaginal discharge, itchy/inflamed vag, … Continue reading
Syphilis
Syphilis (aka Red Plague, the Great Pox) Caused by Treponema pallidum Primary stage of syphilis: contact & dissemination of the disease Chancre (painless papule) will appear 1-3 weeks after exposure. It will heal in 4-6 weeks w/o trxt. Regional lymphadenopathy. Secondary stage of syphilis: 2-24 weeks after contact Manifestations: skin rashes (especially on the upper … Continue reading
Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes HSV-1 (cold sores & ~15% of genital herpes lesions) HSV-2 (genital & neonatal herpes) Most of HSV-2 positive patients have unrecognized symptoms Results from direct contact w/ active lesions/secretions Incidence has been increasing Route of transmission Cutaneous HSV exposure Acute Infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic) Establishment of latent infection in dorsal root ganglia, innervating … Continue reading
